The cvs admin -l command lists administrative files and directories within a repository, helping with repository management tasks. cvs status shows the status of working files, cvs info provides general information, and cvs list is not a standard CVS command.

The cvs admin -t command is used to check the integrity of the repository and ensure consistency. cvs check and cvs verify are not valid CVS commands for this purpose, and cvs log shows commit history, not repository integrity.

The cvs admin -t command is used to check the integrity of the CVS repository. There is no cvs check or cvs verify command specifically for integrity checks, and cvs status provides file status information rather than repository integrity.

Importing external modules into a designated directory within the repository allows for version control of these modules while managing updates manually. The cvs add command does not handle external modules directly, symbolic links (Option c) are not recommended for version control, and cvs external is not a valid CVS command.

The CVSROOT/config file is used to configure repository-wide settings, including log options and default behaviors. The modules file is for defining module configurations, passwd manages user permissions, and wrappers handles file-specific behaviors.

The cvs edit command is used to lock files for editing to prevent concurrent modifications, signaling that the file is in use. There is no cvs lock or cvs unlock command, and cvs commit is used to submit changes.

Using branches allows multiple developers to work on separate features or tasks and merge changes periodically, facilitating efficient collaboration and conflict management. Restricting one developer per module (Option a) is impractical, disabling conflict detection (Option c) is counterproductive, and using separate repositories (Option d) complicates integration.

The cvs externals feature allows you to specify paths to external modules, enabling integration without including them directly in the repository. Adding external modules as submodules (Option b) or using symbolic links (Option c) is not a standard CVS practice, and CVSROOT/modules (Option d) is used for defining module configurations rather than managing external modules.

The CVSROOT/hooks directory is used to configure scripts that handle automatic notifications and integrate with external tools. The CVSROOT/config file handles general configuration settings, CVSROOT/admin does not exist, and CVSROOT/modules is used for module definitions.

Running cvs admin -o to remove old revisions helps in optimizing the repository by reducing its size and improving performance. The cvs optimize command does not exist, and rebuilding the repository or simply deleting old branches (Options c and d) are not standard optimization practices.

The cvs import command is used to import an external project into the CVS repository. cvs checkout retrieves a working copy, cvs add adds files to the repository, and cvs import -r is not a valid command for importing projects.

Writing concise commit messages that describe the change and include references to related issues helps in maintaining clear and meaningful commit history. Generic messages (Option b) lack specificity, detailed descriptions (Option c) may be excessive, and avoiding commit messages (Option d) is not practical.

The cvs update command synchronizes the working directory with the repository by incorporating the latest changes from the repository into the local working directory. cvs sync and cvs merge are not valid commands, and cvs commit is used to submit changes, not to synchronize.

Creating a new branch for each feature allows for isolated development and testing before merging changes into the main branch. Using a single branch (Option b) or avoiding branches altogether (Option d) can lead to complex management and integration issues, while creating branches only for major releases (Option c) might not be sufficient for feature management.

Using an external tool or repository for large files and linking them from CVS helps avoid performance issues associated with handling large files directly in the CVS repository. Storing them without special handling (Option a) can degrade performance, and compressing or splitting files (Options c and d) does not address performance concerns effectively.

Repository hooks are used to automate tasks such as sending notifications, performing custom validation, and integrating with external tools. They do not manage permissions (Option b), track changes (Option c), or optimize performance (Option d).

The cvs resolve -R option automatically resolves conflicts by choosing the latest version from the repository. The -m, -a, and -L options are not used for this purpose.

The cvs merge command is used to synchronize changes from a branch back into the main trunk or another branch. The cvs branch command creates a branch, cvs update synchronizes the working directory with the repository, and cvs commit is used to submit changes to the repository, not specifically for merging.

The cvs import command is used to import changes or external projects into the repository. cvs add is used to add files to the repository, cvs update synchronizes the working directory with the repository, and cvs import -m is not a valid command for importing changes.

The cvs tag command is used to apply a tag to a specific revision of a file or directory. cvs apply is not a valid command for tagging, cvs tag -r is not a valid option for applying tags, and cvs label is not a command in CVS.

Configuring the IDE to use CVS commands directly integrates version control operations seamlessly within the development environment. Manually synchronizing changes (Option b) is less efficient, using the IDE’s internal system (Option c) may not be applicable, and disabling integration (Option d) is counterproductive.

The cvs update -d command updates all modules in the repository, including any new directories that have been added. cvs update -A reverts any sticky tags or dates, cvs update -r updates to a specific revision, and cvs update -M does not exist as an option.

The cvs tag command is used to create a tag for a specific version of a module. The -r option is used with cvs tag to tag a specific revision, but cvs tag is the main command for applying tags. cvs mark and cvs version are not valid commands for tagging.

CVS blocks commits if there are unresolved conflicts. It ensures that only resolved and complete changes are committed to the repository. Partial commits or automatic conflict resolution (Options b and d) are not features of CVS.

The cvs diff command is used to review changes made to a file before committing. cvs status shows the status of files, cvs log provides commit history, and cvs review is not a valid command.

Using the -kb option with cvs add prevents keyword expansion in binary files, avoiding corruption. Binary files should not be compressed before adding (Option a), treated as text files (Option c), or locked (Option d), as these practices are not standard for handling binaries in CVS.

The cvs branch -r command is used to create a new branch from a specific starting point (revision or tag). cvs tag -r is used for tagging specific revisions, cvs update -r updates to a specific revision but does not create branches, and cvs tag -b is not a valid command for branching.

The cvs resolve -t command specifies the conflict resolution strategy for a file. It helps determine how conflicts should be handled. Testing changes (Option a) and tagging files (Option c) are not relevant to conflict resolution, and checking status (Option d) is handled by other commands.

The cvs admin -o command is used to remove old revisions from the repository, which helps in cleaning up and optimizing performance. cvs admin -n is used for viewing administrative commands without making changes, cvs update -P is used to prune empty directories, and cvs clean is not a valid command.

The CVSROOT directory contains global configuration files for repository management and administration. CVSROOT/modules defines module configurations, CVSROOT/admin and CVSROOT/checkoutlist are not standard directories for global configuration.